Fresh-fresh-served fresh apple dregs have large acidity and pH value of 3.5-4.8. It is best to use alkaloids for alkali neutralization treatment before feeding. The amount of alkali is 0.5%-1.0 of fresh pomace. % to enhance its palatability. Fresh apple pomace has large water content and relatively low energy. Therefore, the amount of feed should not be too large, which accounts for 1/3 of the diet, and is mainly used for dairy cows, dairy goats and finishing pigs. It is usually fed together with mixed concentrates
Sourcing of fresh apple pomace also requires alkali neutralization during silage, usually adding 3% to 5% (based on dry matter) of lime, both to neutralize acidity and to increase calcium and reduce costs. If the moisture is too large, 10%-20% of the grass powder and head can be added. It is usually best to mix silage with grasses, green corn stalks, red leeks (potatoes), etc. Fresh apple pomace can account for 30%-50% [3]. The use of apple dregs and poultry manure mixed silage has also achieved satisfactory results
The apple pomace dry powder is processed into apple pomace dry powder with fresh apple pomace. It can be used as a complete price material or granular material, and can also be puffed. Its processing process is as follows:
Fresh apple pomace quality inspection--alkali neutralization treatment --- mechanical crushing --- drying process --- crushing and sieving --- product packaging According to China's livestock and poultry breeding level and feeding conditions, apple pomace dry powder in the compound feed The recommended ratio is: 3%-7% of piglet diet, 10%-25% of finishing pig, 2%-4% of chick diet, 5%-10% of chicken, 3%-5% of layer chicken, cow 10%-25% of sheep concentrate supplements. In addition, a small amount of apple pomace dry powder can be added to the forage of cattle and sheep.
Fermentation The use of beneficial bacteria for the production of biological feed is an emerging field in the feed industry, and it has received increasing attention from people. The general process flow chart is as follows:
Pretreatment of apple waste residue---sterilization---inoculation of beneficial bacteria---fermentation---drying---crushing---finished product (adjusting pH value)
The specific methods are: Solid fermentation of apple pomace using serial sterilized mother yeast and yeast as yeast. The levels of crude protein, fat, and vitamin C in dried pomace powder are increased by 3 times, 1.5-2.0 times, and 2 times, respectively. Times, other trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe), also have a small increase, this fermentation product has no toxic and harmful substances. Yeast has a good effect. After it is fermented and ethanol is removed, the dried product can be used as a good animal feed.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Spherocarpus cerevisiae, and Klebsiella graminis were used for solid-state fermentation of apple pomace and the fermentation process was monitored. The ripe fruit residue after fermentation was analyzed and determined to contain crude protein, crude fat, vitamin C and minerals.
In apple pomace fermentation, urea and ammonium sulfate were used as an inorganic nitrogen source. The amount of urea was 1.5% and the content of sulfuric acid was 2%. Some agricultural product processing by-products or wastes can be used as supplementary materials to produce feed protein with apple dregs. The crude protein obtained from the fermentation product is significantly increased. It is more appropriate to use new skin with soybean cake, rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, brewer's grains, etc.
Select suitable yeast for inoculation and propagation, ferment fresh apple dregs, obtain fermented apple dregs containing living bacteria, dead bacteria and yeast metabolites, and then strengthen the nutrient substance of the fermented apple pomace and add prebiotics to the yeast. Functional compensation processing. The biologically treated apple pomace not only contains crude protein, fat, etc. that are available to animals, but also contains microecological regulators. These active ingredients have a good effect on improving the productivity and immune function of dairy cows.
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